Is a system in trusted mode? : hp-ux

How do you tell if a system is in trusted mode or not?

Try looking at these two:

#man iscomsec

#/usr/lbin/getprdef -r


:cheers!

Getting rid of stale nfs file handles : hp-ux

Run the command:

#fuser -uck /

:-)

Terminate a socket without terminating a process:HP-UX

PROBLEM

Terminate a socket without terminating a process

RESOLUTION

Refer to man page on ndd:

#man 1m ndd

ndd -h supported (will display supported ndd parameters)
ndd -h unsupported (will display unsupported ndd parameters)

Here is an example using the tcp_discon parameter:

#ndd -get /dev/tcp tcp_discon number

NOTE: This number is obtained by running the following command:

#ndd -get /dev/tcp tcp_status

The tcp_status will give you a long list of connected sockets. Find the one
that needs to be killed (use netstat -a (if you have the name of the
host, use the -n option if you have the IP of the host you are looking
for) and then compare to ouput of the -get command below to find the
hostname or the ip). Then use the number on the far left of the output
(LEADING ZEROS must be removed from the number) and prepend it with a 0x to
show its hex.

Example of commands:

* #ndd -get /dev/tcp tcp_status
* #ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_discon 0x010203404

If using the tcp_discon_by_addr variable convert the ip address into the
hexadecimal representation.

#ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_discon_by_addr [hex number]

Where '[hex number]' is the one that needs to be killed.

:ciao..

Crontab : HP-UX

Many times admins forget the field order of the crontab file
and alway reference the man pages over-and-over.

Make your life easy. Just put the field definitions in your crontab file
and comment (#) the lines out so the crontab file ignores it.

# minute (0-59),
# | hour (0-23),
# | | day of the month (1-31),
# | | | month of the year (1-12),
# | | | | day of the week (0-6 with 0=Sunday).
# | | | | | commands
3 2 * * 0,6 /some/command/to/run
3 2 * * 1-5 /another/command/to/run

export EDITOR=vi ;to specify a editor to open crontab file.

crontab -e Edit your crontab file, or create one if it doesn't already exist.
crontab -l Display your crontab file.
crontab -r Remove your crontab file.
crontab -v Display the last time you edited your crontab file. (This option is only available on a few systems.)


Here are some examples.

0 0 * * * -- midnight every day
0 0 * * 1-5 -- midnight every weekday
0 0 1,15 * * -- midnight on 1st and 15th of month
0 0 1 * 5 -- midnight on 1st of month and every Friday

Crontab example:

A line in crontab file like below removes the tmp files from /home/someuser/tmp each day at 6:30 PM.

30 18 * * * rm /home/someuser/tmp/*

Cheers !!!

HP-UX How can I disable non-root logins?

Add the following to /etc/profile, then 'touch /etc/nologin'; this will disable all new logins, except by root:

uid=`id -u`
if [ -f /etc/nologin -a $uid -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Sorry, no logins allowed; try later!"
sleep 5
exit 0
fi

::gudluck!

Patch Cleanup HP-UX

There is a utility under /usr/sbin and it is called 'cleanup'. It provides the following functionality for 10.X patch management:

/usr/sbin/cleanup
Remove superseded patches from the system to reclaim space in /var.
Queries the user re trimming SD logfiles as well.

/usr/sbin/cleanup -F
Forces the removal of ALL Patch backups to reclaim space in /var (you cannot back out a patch out after this).

/usr/sbin/cleanup -t
Trim SD logfiles /var/adm/sw*.log to the most recent 5 entries.

/usr/sbin/cleanup -i
Remove overwritten patch entries from the SDUX IPD.

/usr/sbin/cleanup -d [absolute path to software depot]
Removes superseded patches from a software depot.

:: :-)

HP-UX:Dynamically Extend / and (or) /stand File Systems

Article on how to dynamically extend / and (or) /stand file systems :

http://www.symmetricwebsites.com/articles/HP-UX/hpuxDynamicallyExtendSlashAndOrStand.php

::enjoy

change IP's Addresses of cluster servers.

I followed these steps when I had change IP Address of my cluster servers.

Before you change the IP Address of your Server you must have all new ip's
when you want to go ahead.(of course..:-))
ex. Server ip and package ip.

Take backup of these directory and files

1./etc/cmcluster
2./etc/hosts
3./etc/rc.config.d/netconf

modify these files
1./etc/hosts # modify ipaddress
2./etc/rc.config.d/netconf # modify ipaddress and subnet
3./etc/cmcluster/cluster.conf # modify HEARTBEAT_IP

4./etc/cmcluster/packge/cipackage.conf # change SUBNET XX.XX.XX.XX
5./etc/cmcluster/packge/dbpackage.conf # change SUBNET XX.XX.XX.XX

6./etc/cmcluster/packge/cipackage.cntl # change IP[0]=XX.XX.XX.XX
change SUBNET[0]=XX.XX.XX.XX

7./etc/cmcluster/packge/cipackage.cntl # change IP[0]=XX.XX.XX.XX
change SUBNET[0]=XX.XX.XX.XX

8.rcp cluster.conf into /etc/cmcluster
rcp cluster.conf into other node same location

9.rcp these conf,cntl and config file into /etc/cmcluster/packge/
rcp ciVRP.conf,dbVRP.conf,ciVRP.cntl,dbVRP.cntl

10. restart the net for new ip
/sbin/init.d/net stop
/sbin/inti.d/net start

check all ipaddress which we have changed and check with linkloop also

11.cmcheckconf -v -C /etc/cmcluster/cluster.conf -P cipackage.conf -P dbpackage.conf
it should come with no error then go for the next step

12.cmapplyconf -v -C /etc/cmcluster/cluster.conf -P cipackage.conf -P dbpackage.conf

warning : ninenok is not liable if its not working for you!
pls. pray before doing this.

F.

HP-UX: How Do I configure routing or add route?

You can use route command to configure routing. Syntax is as follows:
route add net {network-address} netmask {subnet} {router-address}

Let us assume your router address is 192.168.1.254 and network ID is 192.168.1.0/24, then you can type route command as follows:
# route add net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.254

OR

To add a default route:
# route add default 192.168.1.254

Verify that (display) routing table is updated (display routing table):
# netstat -nr

Test it i.e. try to ping or send nslookup request:
# ping mycorp.com

To flush all routing entries use command:
# route -f

However if I reboot HPUX box then above routing entries gets removed. To pick up your setting upon each reboot your need to configure Routes in HPUX networking configuration file - /etc/rc.config.d/netconf. To add default router/gateway 192.168.1.254:
# vi /etc/rc.config.d/netconf

Add or modify following entries

ROUTE_DESTINATION[0]="default"
ROUTE_MASK[0]=""
ROUTE_GATEWAY[0]="192.168.1.254"
ROUTE_COUNT[0]="1"
ROUTE_ARGS[0]=""

Reboot HP-UX system/server to take effect
# shutdown -ry 0

How do I start hpux network service?

Use following command to start HP-UX network service:

/etc/init.d/net start
OR
/sbin/init.d/net start
Please note that your network configuration file is /etc/rc.config.d/netconf . Here is my sample /etc/rc.config.d/netconf file:

# cat /etc/rc.config.d/netconf
Output:
HOSTNAME=deephpux < --change hostname here OPERATING_SYSTEM=HP-UX LOOPBACK_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1 INTERFACE_NAME[0]=lan0 IP_ADDRESS[0]=192.168.1.100 <--change IP address here SUBNET_MASK[0]=255.255.255.0 <--change subnet mask here BROADCAST_ADDRESS[0]="" DHCP_ENABLE[0]="0" <--Do you wanna DHCP? set 1 to use DHCP

You can also set IP address using ifconfig command:
# ifconfig lan0 192.168.1.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

See or get current IP address information with ifconfig command:
# ifconfig lan0

......Life is short, enjoy every moment!

LVM for HP-UX

The following are an overview of how to
create volumes in LVM for HP-UX.

1) Add your disks, and verify their device
names.  The the command:

# ioscan -fnC disk

2) Next, place the disks you wish to use for
volumes under LVM control.  This
is done by converting a disk into
a "Physical Volume" (pv).  The command
used is:

# pvcreate 

example: #pvcreate /dev/rdsk/c1t0d0

Note: You can use the "-f" option
to "force" the creation, which keeps
LVM for asking for verification...
the "Would you like to proceed? (y/n)"

3) Now, create a device path for the volume group.
Do this by creating a directory in /dev
by the name of the volume group.

# mkdir /dev/

example: # mkdir /dev/vg01

4) Then create a "group node" in that directory.
The process looks like this:

# mknod /dev//group c 64 

example: # mknod /dev/vg01/group c 64 0x030000

Note: The minor number follows the following patern:
 0x030000
 0x040000
 0x050000
 .....

5) You can now create your Volume Group (vg) to which
the Physical Volumes will be assigned.  A VG
is similar to a Disk Group in Veritas.  The
format is:

# vgcreate /dev/   ....

example: # vgcreate /dev/vg01 /dev/dsk/c1t0d0

Note: The PV DevPaths don't use a partition
designation (sX).  You can specify as many PV's
to add to a VG as you like on this one line.

6) Next create a Logical Volume (lv).  This is the "volume"
itself, which will contain the file system.

# lvcreate /dev/

example: # lvcreate /dev/vg01

Note: This will create a 0 length volume.  It
will also create two new files in the vg dev
directory: lvol1 and rlvol1.  Being: Logical
Volume 1, and Raw Logical Volume 1.  You can
have multiple LV's per VG.

Note(2): lvcreate with no options will create
a concat volume.  To create striped volumes,
use the options:
 -i   This is the Vx equiv to column numbers.
 -I  This is the Vx equiv to a stripe width in kb.
 -m  Number of mirrors. Can be "1" or "2".
 -L   The size of the new volume in megabytes.
 
7) Now you can extend to Logical Volume to the length
you desire.  To extend to it's max, do the
following:

a) Run the command: # vgdisplay 
 example: # vgdisplay /dev/vg01

b) Look for the two lines: "Total PE" and "PE Size"
PE stands for "Physical Extent".  If you
multiply the number of "Total PE" by
"PE Size" you will get the total size of
the disk that is usable, usually in megabytes.

NOTE: LVM breaks PV's into Physical Extents.
These are like blocks in LVM.  PE Size is
the size of each PE.  Total PE is the
number of PE's avalible to the volume group.
The "PE Size" is variable, default is "4M"
but it can be reset to any desired size,
during VG creation.  The options avable to
"vgcreate" are:
-e  Max Num of PE's for this VG. Default: 1016
   Max PE cannot exceed: 65535
-l   Max Num of LV's for this VG. Default: 255
-p  Max Num of PV's for this VG. Default: 16
   Max PV cannot exceed: 255
-s    Size of each PE for this VG. Default: 4
   PE Size must be a power of 2.
-x  Can the VG be grown? Default: y

c) With the number you got by multiplying "Total PE" by "PE Size"
you have the total lenth of the VG.  To make all disks
in the VG be used by 1 LV, and to use all the space,
extend the Logical Volume with the command:

# lvextend -L  

example: # lvextend -L 3200 /dev/vg01/lvol1

This would extend VG01's LV 1 out to (NOT by) 3.2G.
Remember the size is defaulted to Megabytes.

8) You can now create your filesystem with:

# newfs -F  

example: # newfs -F vxfs /dev/vg01/rlvol1

9) Now mount the filesystem like usual:

# mount /dev/vg01/lvol1 /mydatavolume

Done!

HP-UX LVM listing

- Monitor LVM with the following commands:
  bdf : Similar to a Solaris style "df -k" output.
  pvdisplay :Display PV Information
  vgdisplay :Display VG Information
  lvdisplay  :Display LV Information
 
 - Remove LVM Objects with the commands:
  pvremove: Removes a PV Device (ie: /dev/dsk/c0t1..)
  vgreduce : Remove a PV from a VG Binding
    use as: vgreduce /dev/vg01 /dev/dsk/c0t1d0
  vgremove : Removes a VG, only done when there
    is only ONE disk left in the VG.
  lvremove Removes a LV.

   To remove a complete volume you must unmount the fs, then
   remove the LV, then reduce the VG to all but one disk.  Then
   remove the VG.  Then you only need to remove each PV untill
   you have normal disks again, not under LVM control.
  
- Here's a list of commands:

 ----VG-----
 vgcfgbackup   
 vgchange      
 vgcreate      
 vgexport      
 vgimport      
 vgremove
 vgcfgrestore  
 vgchgid       
 vgdisplay     
 vgextend      
 vgreduce      
 vgscan

 ---LV----
 lvchange    
 lvdisplay   
 lvlnboot    
 lvreduce    
 lvrmboot
 lvcreate    
 lvextend    
 lvmmigrate  
 lvremove

 ---PV----
 pvchange   
 pvck       
 pvcreate   
 pvdisplay  
 pvmove     
 pvremove

 - There are 3 LVM Objects:

  ----------------------------
  |  Logical Volume     |
  ----------------------------
    \/ \/ \/ \/ 
  ----------------------------
  |  Volume Group     |
  ----------------------------
    \/  \/ \/ \/
  ----------------------------
  |  Physical Volume     |
  ----------------------------

  or: Disks are used to create PV's,
    which we group into VG's, from
    which we create LV's which 
    contains the filesystem we use.

..:-)

How To Write First UNIX Korn Shell Script Program

Korn shell scripting under UNIX / Linux can be used to automate lots of stuff. It easy to write a shell script. You must know how to use a text editor such as vi to write a script.

Write a shell program to print knowledge is power on screen. Type the following command to open file:

#vi hello.ksh

The first line should be as follows:

#!/bin/ksh

It is called a shebang. It consists of a number sign and an exclamation point character (#!), followed by the full path to the interpreter such as /bin/ksh. All scripts under UNIX execute using the interpreter specified on a first line.
Next append code as follows:

# A shell script to print message
# Written by Ninenok - Feb/5/2008
print "Knowledge is power"

Save and close the file. At the end your script should look like as follows:

#!/bin/ksh
# A shell script to print message
# Written by Ninenok - Feb/5/2008
# ------------------------------
print "Knowledge is power"

Set executable permission

Type the following command to set executable permission:
chmod +x hello.ksh

Run your korn shell script

Type the following command:
./hello.ksh

Sample output:

Knowledge is power

---------------------
..enjoy..:-)

Delete Files Older Than x Days

The find utility on hp-ux allows you to pass in a bunch of interesting arguments, including one to execute another command on each file. We'll use this in order to figure out what files are older than a certain number of days, and then use the rm command to delete them.

Command Syntax

find /path/to/files* -mtime +5 -exec rm {} \;

Note that there are spaces between rm, {}, and \;

Explanation

• The first argument is the path to the files. This can be a path, a directory, or a wildcard as in the example above. I would recommend using the full path, and make sure that you run the command without the exec rm to make sure you are getting the right results.
• The second argument, -mtime, is used to specify the number of days old that the file is. If you enter +5, it will find files older than 5 days.
• The third argument, -exec, allows you to pass in a command such as rm. The {} \; at the end is required to end the command.

This should work on Ubuntu, Suse, Redhat, or pretty much any version of linux.

HP-UX--> INIT: Timout Reached - Error in writing to wtmp or wtmps file

It can be:

/tmp or /var is full

or wtmp is corrupt:

1.Boot the server in single user mode
2.Delete /var/adm/wtmp
3.touch /var/adm/wtmp
4.Boot the server using init 3

...yes we can!

HP-UX : find big files in a directory

1) Find big files in a directory:

# find /dir_path -xdev -size +10000 -exec ll {} \; > /tmp/bigfiles

2) Find new files in a directory:

# find /dir_path -xdev -type f -mtime -2 -exec ll {} \; /tmp/newfiles

3) copy entire file system / directory to new location:

# find /source_dir_path -depth | cpio -pdlmuva /dest_path

..:-)

Basic network commands in HP-UX

FILES

* /etc/hosts - Hosts configuration file (resolve hosts and IPs)
* /etc/rc.config.d/netconf – IP address, routeing address and hostname stored in this file

SCRIPTS

* /etc/init.d/net start – Use to start, stop network service

HPUX Commands
(a) Display lan interface info:
# lanscan

(b) All in one lan configuration utility (lan0 is first Ethernet interface) to configure and view the system IP address:
# ifconfig lan0 - Display IP info such as IP address netmask etc.
# ifconfig lan0 up - Up network interface (allow traffic)
# ifconfig lan0 down - Down network interactive (deny traffc)
# ifconfig lan0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up - Setup/change IP adddress

(c) Displaying host name
# hostname

(d) Arp administration (cache)
# arp -a

(e) Display routing table/info:
# netstat -nr

(f) Define new route:
# route add default 192.168.1.254 1

(g) HP’s LAN diagnostic tool
# lanadmin

(h) Test a remote host connectivity
ping host.mycorp.com

(i) Setup various lan properties, dns client, NIS client configuration etc using GUI tool:
# sam
# set_parms

(j) Check dns connectivity:
$ nslookup www.google.co.uk

How to see the top 10 CPU users in HP-UX

try to type this :

UNIX95= ps -e -o pcpu -o ruser -o args|sort -nr|grep -v %CPU|head ???10


Note: pls. don't try this at home.

HP-UX find

Q : Is there a way to run "find" so it reports all files/subdirs under a directory that are over X days old without transposing through all the subdirs?

example
under /X
/X/Y/Z
/X/A/B/C/D
/X/A/E/I/O/U

I would like it to report back only if Y and A have a date stamp older then 30 days.

A : find * -type d -prune -mtime +60

EXAMPLES (HP-UX man pages)
     Search the two directories /example and /new/example for files
     containing the string Where are you and print the names of the files:

          find /example /new/example -exec grep -l 'Where are you' {} \;

     Remove all files named a.out or *.o that have not been accessed for a
     week:
          find / \( -name a.out -o -name '*.o' \) -atime +7 -exec rm {} \;

         Note that the spaces delimiting the escaped parentheses are
          required.

     Print the names of all files in /bin that are context-dependent; that
     is, hidden directories:
          find /bin -type H -print

     Print the names of all files on this machine.  Avoid walking nfs
     directories while still printing the nfs mount points:

          find / -fsonly hfs -print

     Copy the entire file system to a disk mounted on /Disk, avoiding the
     recursive copy problem.  Both commands are equivalent (note the use of
     -path instead of -name):
          cd /; find . ! -path ./Disk -only -print | cpio -pdxm /Disk
          cd /; find . -path ./Disk -prune -o -print | cpio -pdxm /Disk

     Copy the root disk to a disk mounted on /Disk, skipping all mounted
     file systems below /.  Note that -xdev does not cause / to be skipped,
     even though it is a mount point.  This is because / is the starting
     point and -xdev only affects entries below starting points.

More on man pages from HP-UX...kampai!

How can I find the HP-UX equivalent for a given Solaris/AIX/etc.. commands?

-->Rosetta Stone for UNIX (A Sysadmin's Universal Translator; or
"What do they call that in this world?") provides a very nice AIX/
DG-UX/FreeBSD/HP-UX/IRIX/Linux/NetBSD/OpenBSD/Solaris/
SunOS/Tru64/Ultrix etc quivalency table at:

http://bhami.com/rosetta.html

-->UNIXguide.net also provides a
AIX/FreeBSD/HP-UX/Linux(RedHat)/Solaris/Tru64 equivalency
table, at:

http://www.unixguide.net/unixguide.shtml